Ballouche A. & Marinval P., 2003 - Données palynologiques et carpologiques sur la domestication des plantes et l’agriculture dans le Néolithique ancien du Maroc septentrional (site de Kaf Taht El-Ghar). Revue d’Archéométrie, 27, 49-54.
Barbero M., Loisel R., MÉdail F. & QuÉzel P., 2001 - Signification biogéographique et biodiversité des forêts du bassin méditerranéen. Bocconea, 13, 11–25.
Benabid A., 1984 - Étude phytoécologique des peuplements forestiers et préforestiers du Rif centro-occidental (Maroc). Travaux de l’Institut Scientifique. Série Botanique (Rabat. 1984), 34. Institut scientifique, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, 64 p.
Benabid A., 1991 - La préservation de la forêt au Maroc. In M. Rejdali & V.H. Heywood (eds.), Conservation des ressources végétales. Actes Editions, Rabat, 97-104.
Benkaddour A., 1993 - Changements hydrologiques et climatiques dans le Moyen Atlas Marocain : chronologie, minéralogie, géochimie isotopique et élémentaire des sédiments lacustres de Tigalmamine. Thèse de Doctorat, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, 201 p.
Besnard G. & Bervillé A., 2000 - Multiple origins for Mediterranean olive (Olea europaea L. ssp. europaea) based upon mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences. Série 3, Sciences de la Vie, 323 (2), 173-181.
Besnard G, Rubio De Casas R. & Vargas P., 2007 - Plastid and nuclear DNA polymorphism reveals historical processes of isolation and reticulation in the olive tree complex (Olea europaea). Journal of Biogeography, 34 (4), 736-752.
Blondel J., Aronson J., Bodiou J.-Y. & Boeuf G., 2010 - The Mediterranean Region: Biological Diversity in Space and Time. Oxford University Press, Oxford & New York, 376 p.
Bolle H.-J., 2003 - Mediterranean Climate: Variability and Trends. Springer, Berlin, New York & Hong Kong, 372 p.
Breton C., Tersac M. & Bervillé A., 2006 - Genetic diversity and gene flow between the wild olive (oleaster, Olea europaea L.) and the olive: several Plio-Pleistocene refuge zones in the Mediterranean basin suggested by simple sequence repeats analysis. Journal of Biogeography, 33 (11), 1916-1928.
Caroli I. & Caldara M., 2007 - Vegetation history of Lago Battaglia (eastern Gargano coast, Apulia, Italy) during the middle-late Holocene. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 16 (4), 317-327.
Carrión J.S., Munuera M., Dupré M. & Andrade A., 2001 - Abrupt vegetation changes in the Segura Mountains of southern Spain throughout the Holocene. Journal of Ecology, 89 (5), 783-797.
Carrión J.S., Yll E.I., Willis K.J. & Sánchez P., 2004 - Holocene forest history of the eastern plateaux in the Segura Mountains (Murcia, southeastern Spain). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 132 (3-4), 219-236.
Carrión J.S., Fernández S., Jiménez-Moreno G., Fauquette S., Gil-Romera G., González-Sampériz P. & Finlayson C., 2010 - The historical origins of aridity and vegetation degradation in southeastern Spain. Journal of Arid Environments, 74 (7), 731-736.
Chalouan A. & Michard A., 2004 - The Alpine Rif belt (Morocco): a case of mountain building in a subduction-subduction-transform fault triple junction. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 161 (3), 489-519.
Chalouan A., Michard A., El Kadiri K., Negro F., Frizon De Lamotte D. & Saddiqi O., 2008 - The Rif Belt. In A. Michard, A. Chalouan, O. Saddiqi & D. Frizon de Lamotte (eds.). Continental evolution: The Geology of Morocco: structure, stratigraphy and tectonics of the Africa-Atlantic-Mediterranean triple junction. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, 116. Springer, Berlin & London, 203-302.
Cheddadi R., Lamb H., Guiot J. & Van Der Kaars S., 1998 - Holocene climatic change in Morocco: a quantitative reconstruction from pollen data. Climate Dynamics, 14 (12), 883-890.
Cheddadi R., Fady B., FranÇois L., Hajar L., Suc J.P., Huang K., Demarteau M., Vendramin G.G. & Ortu E., 2009 - Putative glacial refugia of Cedrus atlantica from Quaternary pollen records and modern genetic diversity. Journal of Biogeography, 36 (7), 1361-1371.
Cheddadi, R., Birks, H.J.B., Tarroso, P., Liepelt, S., Gömöry, D., Dullinger, S., Meier, E.S., Hülber, K., Maiorano, L. & Laborde, H., 2014 - Revisiting tree-migration rates: Abies alba (Mill.), a case study. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 23 (2), 113-122.
Cheddadi R., Nour El Bait M., Bouaissa O., Tabel J., Rhoujjati A., López-Sáez J.A., Alba-Sánchez F., Khater C., Ballouche A., Dezileau L. & Lamb H., 2015 - A history of human impact on Moroccan mountain landscapes. African Archaeological Review, 32 (2), 233-248.
Clark R.L., 1982 - Point count estimation of charcoal in pollen preparations and in thin sections of sediments. Pollen et Spores, 25 (3-4), 523-235.
Collins P.M., Davis B.A.S. & Kaplan J.O., 2012 - The mid-Holocene vegetation of the Mediterranean region and southern Europe, and comparison with the present day. Journal of Biogeography, 39 (10), 1848-1861.
Damnati B., Etebaai I., Reddad H., Benhardouz H., Benhardouz O., Miche H. & Taieb M., 2012 - Recent environmental changes and human impact since mid-20th century in Mediterranean lakes: Ifrah, Iffer and Afourgagh, Middle Atlas Morocco. Quaternary International, 262, 44-55.
Denèfle M., Lézine A.M., Fouache É. & Dufaure J.-J., 2000 - A 12,000-year pollen record from Lake Maliq, Albania. Quaternary Research, 54 (3), 423-432.
Di Rita F. & Magri D., 2009 - Holocene drought, deforestation and evergreen vegetation development in the central Mediterranean: a 5500 year record from Lago Alimini Piccolo, Apulia, southeast Italy. The Holocene, 19 (2), 295-306.
Finné M., Holmgren K., Sundqvist H.S., Weiberg E. & Lindblom M., 2011 - Climate in the eastern Mediterranean, and adjacent regions, during the past 6000 years – A review. Journal of Archaeological Science, 38 (12), 3153-3173.
Fouache É., Dufaure J.-J., Denèfle M., LÉzine A.-M., Lera P., Prendi F. & Touchais G., 2001 - Man and environment around lake Maliq (southern Albania) during the Late Holocene. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 10 (2), 79-86.
García-Dueñas V., Balanyá J.C. & Martínez-Martínez J.M., 1992 - Miocene extensional detachments in the outcropping basement of the northern Alboran Basin (Betics) and their Tectonic Implications. Geo-Marine Letters, 12 (2), 88-95.
GRIMM E.C., 1991-2011 - Tilia and Tilia·Graph. TGView version 1.7.16. Computer Software. Illinois State Museum and Collections Center. Springfield, USA.
Guerrera F., Martín-Algarra A. & Perrone V., 1993 - Late Oligocene-Miocene syn-/-late-orogenic successions in Western and Central Mediterranean chains from the Betic Cordillera to the Southern Appennines. Terra Nova, 5 (6), 525-544.
IUCN., 2014 - The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. http://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed 5 December 2014.
Jahns S., 2005 - The Holocene history of vegetation and settlement at the coastal site of Lake Voulkaria in Acarnania, western Greece. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 14 (1), 55-66.
Jahns S. & Van Den Bogaard C., 1998 - New palynological and tephrostratigraphical investigations of two salt lagoons on the island of Mljet, south Dalmatia, Croatia. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 7 (4), 219-234.
Lamb H.F., Eicher U. & Switsur V.R., 1989 - An 18,000-year record of vegetation, lake-level and climatic change from Tigalmamine, Middle Atlas, Morocco. Journal of Biogeography, 16 (1), 65–74.
Lamb H.F., Damblon F. & Maxted R.W., 1991 - Human impact on the vegetation of the middle Atlas, Morocco, during the last 5000 years. Journal of Biogeography, 18 (5), 519-532.
Lamb H.F. & Van Der Kaars S., 1995 - Vegetational response to Holocene climatic change: pollen and palaeolimnological data from the Middle Atlas, Morocco. The Holocene, 5 (4), 400-408.
Lamb H., Roberts N., Leng M., Barker P., Benkaddour A. & Van Der Kaars S., 1999 - Lake evolution in a semi-arid montane environment: response to catchment change and hydroclimatic variation. Journal of Paleolimnology, 21 (3), 325-343.
Linares J.C., Tíscar P.A., Camarero J.J., Taïqui L., Viñegla B., Seco, J.C., Merino, J. & Carreira, J.A., 2011 - Tree growth decline on relict western mediterranean mountain forests: causes and impacts. In J.A. Jenkins (ed.), Forest Decline: Causes and Impacts. Environmental Science, Engineering and Technology. Nova Science Publishers, New York, 1-20.
López-Sáez J.A., López-García P. & Burjachs F., 2003 - Arqueopalinología: Síntesis crítica. Polen, 12, 5-35.
Mather A.S., Needle C.L. & Fairbairn J., 1998 - The human drivers of global land cover change: the case of forests. Hydrological Processes, 12 (13), 1983-1994.
Mercuri A.M., Sadori L., Uzquiano Ollero P., 2011 - Mediterranean and north-African cultural adaptations to mid-Holocene environmental and climatic changes. The Holocene, 21 (1), 189-206.
Mercuri A.M., Bandini Mazzanti M., Torri P., Vigliotti L., Bosi G., Florenzano A., Olmi L. & Massamba N’siala I., 2012 - A marine/terrestrial integration for mid-late Holocene vegetation history and the development of the cultural landscape in the Po valley as a result of human impact and climate change. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 21 (4-5), 353-372.
Muller S.D., Rhazi L., Andrieux B., Bottollier-Curtet M., Fauquette S., Saber E.R., Rifai N. & Daoud-Bouattour A., 2015 - Vegetation history of the western Rif mountains (NW Morocco): origin, late-Holocene dynamics and human impact. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 24 (4), 487-501.
Myers N., Mittermeier R.A., Mittermeier C.G., Da Fonseca G.A.B. & Kent J., 2000 - Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403 (6772), 853-858.
Negro F., Beyssac O., Goffé B., Saddiqi O. & Bouybaouène M., 2006 - Thermal structure of the Alboran Domain in the Rif (northern Morocco) and the Western Betics (southern Spain). Constraints from Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 24 (4), 309-327.
Nour El Bait M., Rhoujjati A., Eynaud F., Benkaddour A., Dezileau L., Wainer K., Goslar T., Khater C., Tabel J. & Cheddadi R., 2014 - An 18 000-year pollen and sedimentary record from the cedar forests of the Middle Atlas, Morocco. Journal of Quaternary Science, 29 (5), 423-432.
Ponsich M., 1964 - Exploitation agricole romaine de la région de Tanger. Bulletin d’Archéologie Marocaine, 5, 235-252.
QuÉzel P. & MÉdail F., 2003 - Écologie et biogéographie des forêts du bassin méditerranéen. Collection Environnement. Elsevier, Paris, 571 p.
R Core Team, 2012 - R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna. http://www.R-project.org/.
Reddad H., Etabaai I., Rhoujjati A., Taeib M., Thevenon F. & Damnati B., 2013 - Fire activity in North West Africa during the last 30,000 cal years BP inferred from a charcoal record from Lake Ifrah (Middle atlas–Morocco): Climatic implications. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 84, 47-53.
Reille M., 1976 - Analyse pollinique de sédiments postglaciaires dans le Moyen Atlas et le Haut Atlas marocains : premiers résultats. Ecologia Mediterranea, 2, 153-170.
Reille M., 1977 - Contribution pollen analytique à l’histoire holocène de la végétation des montagnes du Rif (Maroc septentrional). In Recherches françaises sur le Quaternaire hors de France : Xe congrès international de l’INQUA, Birmingham, Grande-Bretagne, Août, 1977. Bulletin de l’Association Française pour l’Étude du Quaternaire, 50 Suppl., Association Française pour l’Étude du Quaternaire, Paris, 53-76.
Rhoujjati A., Cheddadi R., Taieb M., Baali A. & Ortu E., 2010 - Environmental changes over the past c. 29,000 years in the Middle Atlas (Morocco): A record from Lake Ifrah. Journal of Arid Environments, 74 (7), 737-745.
Roberts N, Reed J.M., Leng M.J., Kuzucuoglu C, Fontugne M., Bertaux J., Woldring H., Bottema S., Black S., Hunt E. & Karabiyikoglu M., 2001 - The tempo of Holocene climatic change in the eastern Mediterranean region: new high-resolution crater-lake sediment data from central Turkey. The Holocene, 11 (6), 721-736.
Roberts N., Stevenson T., Davis B., Cheddadi R., Brewster S. & Rosen A., 2004 - Holocene climate, environment and cultural change in the circum- Mediterranean region. In R.W. Battarbee, F. Gasse, C.E. Stickley (eds.), Past Climate Variability through Europe and Africa. Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research, 6. Springer, Dordrecht, 343-362.
Robinson S.A., Black S., Sellwood B.W. & Valdes P.J., 2006 - A review of palaeoclimates and palaeoenvironments in the Levant and Eastern Mediterranean from 25,000 to 5000 years BP: setting the environmental background for the evolution of human civilisation. Quaternary Science Reviews, 25 (13-14), 1517-1541.
Sadori L & Narcisi B., 2001 - The Postglacial record of environmental history from Lago di Pergusa, Sicily. The Holocene, 11 (6), 655-670.
Sadori L., Giraudi C., Petitti P. & Ramrath A., 2004 - Human impact at Lago di Mezzano (central Italy) during the Bronze Age: a multidisciplinary approach. Quaternary International, 113 (1), 5-17.
Sadori L & Giardini M., 2007 - Charcoal analysis, a method to study vegetation and climate of the Holocene: The case of Lago di Pergusa (Sicily, Italy). Geobios, 40 (2), 173-180.
Sadori L., Zanchetta G. & Giardini M., 2008 - Last Glacial to Holocene palaeoenvironmental evolution at Lago di Pergusa (Sicily, Southern Italy) as inferred by pollen, microcharcoal, and stable isotopes. Quaternary International, 181 (1), 4-14.
Sadori L., Jahns S. & Peyron O., 2011 - Mid-Holocene vegetation history of the central Mediterranean. The Holocene, 21 (1), 117-129.
Sadori L., Ortu E., Peyron O., Zanchetta G., VanniÈre B., Desmet M. & Magny M., 2013 - The last 7 millennia of vegetation and climate changes at Lago di Pergusa (central Sicily, Italy). Climate of the Past Discussions, 9 (2),
1969-1984.
Stuiver M., Reimer P.J. & Reimer R., 2013 - Radiocarbon calibration program revision 7.0. Copyright 1986-2013. http://calib.qub.ac.uk/calib/calib.htm
Tabel J., Khater C., Roujjati A., Dezileau L., Bouimetarhan I., CarrÉ M., Vidal L., Benkaddour A., Nour el Bait M. & Cheddadi R., submitted - Environmental changes over the past 25,000 years in the southern Middle Atlas, Morocco. Journal of Quaternary Science, in press.
Taiqui L. & Cantarino C.M., 1997 - Eléments historiques d’analyse écologique des paysages montagneux du Rif Occidental (Maroc). Mediterranea. Serie de Estudios Biológicos, 16, 23-35.
Terral J.-F., Alonso N., Buxo I., Capdevila R., Chatti N., Fabre L., Fiorentino G., Marinval P., Perez Jorda G., Pradat B., Rovira N. & Alibert P., 2004 - Historical biogeography of olive domestication (Olea europaea L.) as revealed by geometrical morphometry applied to biological and archaeological material. Journal of Biogeography, 31 (1), 63-77.
Till C. & Guiot J., 1990 - Reconstruction of precipitation in Morocco since 1100 A.D. based on Cedrus atlantica tree-ring widths. Quaternary Research, 33 (3), 337-351.
Willis K.J., 1992a - The late Quaternary vegetational history of northwest Greece. I. Lake Gramousti. New Phytologist, 121 (1), 101-117.
Willis K.J., 1992b - The late Quaternary vegetational history of northwest Greece. II. Rezina Marsh. New Phytologist, 121 (1), 119–138.
Zanchetta G., Bini M., Cremaschi M., Magny M. & Sadori L., 2013 - The transition from natural to anthropogenic-dominated environmental change in Italy and the surrounding regions since the Neolithic: An introduction. Quaternary International, 303, 1-9.
Zeroual E., 1995 - Enregistrements climatiques dans les sédiments du lac Isli (Haut Atlas du Maroc) : Variations des influences climatiques sahariennes et mediterraneennes (de 34 000 ans B.P. à nos jours). Thèse de Doctorat, Université de Neuchâtel, 204 p.